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FEATURES
* * * * * * LOW THERMAL RESISTANCE -- 1.4C/W CURRENT FOLDOVER PROTECTION -- NEW HIGH TEMPERATURE VERSION -- PA12H EXCELLENT LINEARITY -- Class A/B Output WIDE SUPPLY RANGE -- 10V to 50V HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT -- Up to 15A Peak
APPLICATIONS
* * * * * * MOTOR, VALVE AND ACTUATOR CONTROL MAGNETIC DEFLECTION CIRCUITS UP TO 10A POWER TRANSDUCERS UP TO 100kHz TEMPERATURE CONTROL UP TO 360W PROGRAMMABLE POWER SUPPLIES UP TO 90V AUDIO AMPLIFIERS UP TO 120W RMS
POWER RATING
8-PIN TO-3 PACKAGE STYLE CE
DESCRIPTION
The PA12 is a state of the art high voltage, very high output current operational amplifier designed to drive resistive, inductive and capacitive loads. For optimum linearity, especially at low levels, the output stage is biased for class A/B operation using a thermistor compensated base-emitter voltage multiplier circuit. The safe operating area (SOA) can be observed for all operating conditions by selection of user programmable current limiting resistors. For continuous operation under load, a heatsink of proper rating is recommended. The PA12 is not recommended for gains below -3 (inverting) or +4 (non-inverting). This hybrid integrated circuit utilizes thick film (cermet) resistors, ceramic capacitors and semiconductor chips to maximize reliability, minimize size and give top performance. Ultrasonically bonded aluminum wires provide reliable interconnections at all operating temperatures. The 8-pin TO-3 package is hermetically sealed and electrically isolated. The use of compressible isolation washers voids the warranty.
Not all vendors use the same method to rate the power handling capability of a Power Op Amp. APEX rates the internal dissipation, which is consistent with rating methods used by transistor manufacturers and gives conservative results. Rating delivered power is highly application dependent and therefore can be misleading. For example, the 125W internal dissipation rating of the PA12 could be expressed as an output rating of 250W for audio (sine wave) or as 440W if using a single ended DC load. Please note that all vendors rate maximum power using an infinite heatsink.
THERMAL STABILITY
APEX has eliminated the tendency of class A/B output stages toward thermal runaway and thus has vastly increased amplifier reliability. This feature, not found in most other Power Op Amps, was pioneered by APEX in 1981 using thermistors which assure a negative temperature coefficient in the quiescent current. The reliability benefits of this added circuitry far outweigh the slight increase in component count.
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS

EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC

APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 * FAX (520) 888-3329 * ORDERS (520) 690-8601 * EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
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ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS SPECIFICATIONS
PA12 * PA12A
SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +Vs to -Vs OUTPUT CURRENT, within SOA POWER DISSIPATION, internal INPUT VOLTAGE, differential INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode TEMPERATURE, pin solder -10s TEMPERATURE, junction1 TEMPERATURE RANGE, storage OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE, case TEST CONDITIONS 2, 5 TC = 25C Full temperature range TC = 25C TC = 25C TC = 25C Full temperature range TC = 25C TC = 25C Full temperature range TC = 25C TC = 25C Full temperature range Full temp. range, VCM = VS -6V TC = 25C, 1K load Full temp. range, 8 load TC = 25C, 8 load TC = 25C, 8 load Full temp. range, 8 load TC = 25C, PA12 = 10A, PA12A = 15A TC = 25C, IO = 5A Full temp. range, IO = 80mA TC = 25C TC = 25C, 2V step TC = 25C Full temperature range, AV = 4 Full temperature range, AV > 10 Full temperature range TC = 25C TC = -55 to +125C, F > 60Hz TC = -55 to +125C TC = -55 to +125C Meets full range specification MIN PA12 TYP 2 10 30 20 12 50 10 12 50 200 3 VS -3 100 110 108 4 20 20 MAX 6 65 200 30 500 30 PA12/PA12A 100V 15A 125W VS -3V VS 300C 200C -65 to +150C -55 to +125C MIN PA12A TYP 1 * * * 10 * * 5 * * * * * * * * * * MAX 4 40 * 20 * 20 UNITS mV V/C V/V V/W nA pA/C pA/V nA pA/C M pF V dB dB dB MHz kHz V V V A s V/s nF
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
SPECIFICATIONS
PARAMETER INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. supply OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. power BIAS CURRENT, initial BIAS CURRENT, vs. temperature BIAS CURRENT, vs. supply OFFSET CURRENT, initial OFFSET CURRENT, vs. temperature INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC INPUT CAPACITANCE COMMON MODE VOLTAGE RANGE3 COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC GAIN OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz OPEN LOOP GAIN at 10Hz GAIN BANDWIDTH PRODUCT @ 1MHz POWER BANDWIDTH PHASE MARGIN, AV = +4 OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING3 VOLTAGE SWING3 VOLTAGE SWING3 CURRENT, peak SETTLING TIME to .1% SLEW RATE CAPACITIVE LOAD CAPACITIVE LOAD POWER SUPPLY VOLTAGE CURRENT, quiescent THERMAL RESISTANCE, AC, junction to case4 RESISTANCE, DC, junction to case RESISTANCE, junction to air TEMPERATURE RANGE, case
VS -5 74
* *
96 13
* *
VS -6 VS -5 VS-5 10 2.5
2 4
* * * 15 1.5 SOA 45 50 .9 1.4 +85 -55 *
* *
* * 50 * * * +125
10
40 25 .8 1.25 30
*
* * * * *
V mA C/W C/W C/W C
-25
NOTES: * The specification of PA12A is identical to the specification for PA12 in applicable column to the left. 1. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation to achieve high MTTF. 2. The power supply voltage for all tests is 40, unless otherwise noted as a test condition. 3. +VS and -VS denote the positive and negative supply rail respectively. Total VS is measured from +VS to -VS. 4. Rating applies if the output current alternates between both output transistors at a rate faster than 60Hz. 5. Full temperature range specifications are guaranteed but not 100% tested.
CAUTION
The internal substrate contains beryllia (BeO). Do not break the seal. If accidentally broken, do not crush, machine, or subject to temperatures in excess of 850C to avoid generating toxic fumes.
APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * 5980 NORTH SHANNON ROAD * TUCSON, ARIZONA 85741 * USA * APPLICATIONS HOTLINE: 1 (800) 546-2739
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PA12 * PA12A

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE GRAPHS

APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * TELEPHONE (520) 690-8600 * FAX (520) 888-3329 * ORDERS (520) 690-8601 * EMAIL prodlit@apexmicrotech.com
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OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS
PA12 * PA12A
load and short circuits to the supply rail or common if the current limits are set as follows at TC = 25C: SHORT TO VS SHORT TO VS C, L, OR EMF LOAD COMMON 50V .30A 2.4A 40V .58A 2.9A 35V .87A 3.7A 30V 1.5A 4.1A 25V 2.4A 4.9A 20V 2.9A 6.3A 15V 4.2A 8.0A These simplified limits may be exceeded with further analysis using the operating conditions for a specific application.
GENERAL
Please read Application Note 1 "General Operating Considerations" which covers stability, supplies, heat sinking, mounting, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification interpretation. Visit www.apexmicrotech.com for design tools that help automate tasks such as calculations for stability, internal power dissipation, current limit; heat sink selection; Apex's complete Application Notes library; Technical Seminar Workbook; and Evaluation Kits.
SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA)
The output stage of most power amplifiers has three distinct limitations: 1. The current handling capability of the transistor geometry and the wire bonds. 2. The second breakdown effect which occurs whenever the simultaneous collector current and collector-emitter voltage exceeds specified limits. 3. The junction temperature of the output transistors.

CURRENT LIMITING
Refer to Application Note 9, "Current Limiting", for details of both fixed and foldover current limit operation. Visit the Apex web site at www.apexmicrotech.com for a copy of the Power Design spreadsheet (Excel) which plots current limits vs. steady state SOA. Beware that current limit should be thought of as a +/-20% function initially and varies about 2:1 over the range of -55C to 125C. For fixed current limit, leave pin 7 open and use equations 1 and 2. RCL = 0.65/LCL (1) ICL = 0.65/RCL (2) Where: ICL is the current limit in amperes. RCL is the current limit resistor in ohms. For certain applications, foldover current limit adds a slope to the current limit which allows more power to be delivered to the load without violating the SOA. For maximum foldover slope, ground pin 7 and use equations 3 and 4. 0.65 + (Vo * 0.014) ICL = (3) RCL 0.65 + (Vo * 0.014) (4) RCL = ICL Where: Vo is the output voltage in volts. Most designers start with either equation 1 to set RCL for the desired current at 0v out, or with equation 4 to set RCL at the maximum output voltage. Equation 3 should then be used to plot the resulting foldover limits on the SOA graph. If equation 3 results in a negative current limit, foldover slope must be reduced. This can happen when the output voltage is the opposite polarity of the supply conducting the current. In applications where a reduced foldover slope is desired, this can be achieved by adding a resistor (RFO) between pin 7 and ground. Use equations 4 and 5 with this new resistor in the circuit. Vo * 0.14 0.65 + 10.14 + RFO ICL = (5) RCL Vo * 0.14 0.65 + 10.14 + RFO RCL = (6) ICL Where: RFO is in K ohms.
(c) 2005 Apex Microtechnology Corp.

The SOA curves combine the effect of all limits for this Power Op Amp. For a given application, the direction and magnitude of the output current should be calculated or measured and checked against the SOA curves. This is simple for resistive loads but more complex for reactive and EMF generating loads. However, the following guidelines may save extensive analytical efforts. 1. Capacitive and dynamic* inductive loads up to the following maximum are safe with the current limits set as specified. CAPACITIVE LOAD INDUCTIVE LOAD VS ILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A ILIM = 5A ILIM = 10A 50V 200F 125F 5mH 2.0mH 40V 500F 350F 15mH 3.0mH 35V 2.0mF 850F 50mH 5.0mH 30V 7.0mF 2.5mF 150mH 10mH 25V 25mF 10mF 500mH 20mH 20V 60mF 20mF 1,000mH 30mH 15V 150mF 60mF 2,500mH 50mH *If the inductive load is driven near steady state conditions, allowing the output voltage to drop more than 8V below the supply rail with ILIM = 15A or 25V below the supply rail with ILIM = 5A while the amplifier is current limiting, the inductor must be capacitively coupled or the current limit must be lowered to meet SOA criteria. 2. The amplifier can handle any EMF generating or reactive
This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, SHANNON ROAD * is assumed ARIZONA 85741 * USA * APPLICATIONS are subject 1 (800) 546-2739 APEX MICROTECHNOLOGY CORPORATION * 5980 NORTH however, no responsibility TUCSON, for possible inaccuracies or omissions. All specificationsHOTLINE: to change without notice.

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PA12U REV P OCTOBER 2005

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